Magneto



1,536,450 B. NowoslELsKl Illlumnninml May 5, 1925.

. 1,536,450 E. B. NOWOSIELSKI 3 Sheets-Sheet Il? April 19, 1921 mmm/1 v Edward iMwos/e/ski 27.? Y mon r Patented May 5, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,536,450 PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD B. NOWOSIELSKI, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO SPLITDORF ELECTRICAL COMPANY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

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Application led April 19, 1921; Serial No. 462,583.

To all w71 om it may concern:

Beit known that I, EDWARD B. Nowosinl.- siii, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bloomfield, in the county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magnetos, of which the following is a description,refer vence being had to the accompanying drawing and to the figures of reference marked thereon. l

This invention relates to magnetos Wherein a rotor bearing a plurality of inductors of permeable material transmits magnetic flux from pole pieces of constant polarity thru an induction coil to generate a current in the coil.

Electric machines of the above character are employed with internal combustion 'engines to furnish the spark to ignite a chargt` within the explosive chamber of the engine. In order that the maximum effect of the generated current be produced in the form of a spark, it is desirable that the 'primary circuit of the coil be broken at the instant that the peak of the electro-motive force .wave is created` and this peak must correspond in time with that position of the piston in the engine which is most effective and desirable. The peak of the wave in magnetos of the above character -takes place almost immediately after the inductors break Athe magnetic circuit thru the magnet poles, inductors, and cor'e of the induction coil. When the spark and consequently the break is required at regular intervals no great difliculty is found in designing a magneto to break the magnetic circuit at regular'intervals and at the time when `a spark should occur in the cyl inders of the engine. ders are inclined to each other, and a s ifting of the electro-motive force waves is necessary to effect alternatelyv longer and shorter intervals between peaks, the problem is not so easy.

It is an object of this mvention to construct a magneto to fire at irregular intervals with a. symmetrical magnetic field. V.

It is a further object of this l'invention to i construct a magneto adapted to'fire at irregular intervals using, in one form of my invention, stock rotor elements all of the same size and shape and stock pole pieces, also ofthe same size and shape, the same rotor elements and pole pieces being used for all magnetos irrespective of the firing But when the cylinintervals of the magneto, it being only necessary to incline the inducfor elements of' the rotor to cach other at an angle characteristic of the intervals of firing desired.

Other and further objects will appear after reading the following 'specification and claims in connection with the accompanying drawings in which'- Figure 1 is a view of the base of my magneto, the permanent magnets and the induction coil and core being shown only fragmcntarily in dotted lines.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the rotor of' mymagneto showing the two pairs of' inductors borne thereby.

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the base of' the magneto.

Figure 4 is a cross sectional view thru the :front and backl of the rotor along the lines Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of the elements' of the rotor of `a modified form of my invention, a portion of one of the inductors being cut away.

Figure '6 is a cross sectional View of the elements of the rotor of another modified form of my invention, in this instance both magnetic elements of a pair being modified.

'Figure 7 is a further modification of the front pair of inductors of Figure Figure 8 shows still another modification in which merely a groove is cutin one of' the inductors of a pair, for a purpose which will hereinafter be disclosed.

Figure 9 shows a still further n'lodification in vwhich the end of one of the inductors of' a pair is cut away.

Figure 10 shows diagrammatically the relative positions of the inductors of the rotor, the pole pieces of the induction coil and the magnet pole pieces as wellas the circuit breaker atvthe instant of breaking of the magnetic flux pat-l1.

Figure 11 shows the position ofthe variv ous parts of another point of break of the flux path.

Figure 12 is an oscillogram showing'the performance of a. magneto furnished with the rotor element illustrated in Figure '(1.

VFigure 13 is a Similar oscillogram with the rotor illustrated in Figure 7, the curve in all respects, however, being the same as would be furnished by the rotor illustrated 'in Figures 6, 10 and 11.

In the several figures, 1 indicates a'base los of non-magnetic material such as aluminum, in which is embedded a pair of magnet pole lpieces 2 and 3, on which are adapted to rest the feet of a permanent horseshoe magnet 4, the two pole pieces 2 and 3 being of opposite but constant magnetic polarity. Also embedded in the base is a air of 4' spaced aligned soft iron coil pole pieces 5 and 6, as shown in Figure 1, brldged by an induction coil having a core 7 said core having a coil 8 wound thereabout. Rotating in the base is a rotor having two pairs of inductors 9, 10, 11, and 12, embedded in a non-magnetic material 13, such as aluminum, cast aboutthe rotor shaft 14. In the form of inven-l tion illustratedin Figure 4, all of the inductors -are of exactly the same size and shape and may vbe punched out with the same die. These inductors are inclined to one another at such an angle as to correspond with the ring intervals desired, that is to say, at one alf the angle between the V arrangement of the cylinders, it being understoodthat the magneto runs at half engine crank shaft speed, and it can be readily understood that by -merely casting Athe ih ductors on the rotor with the elements of a pair at an angle to' each other proportional to the angle of inclination of thecylinders thatany irregular firing intervals may be obtained. In the. form of invention asvillustrated in 4, the forward pair of inductors are of exactly the same conformation as the rear pairv and' the elements of the two pairs of inductors are inclined toward each other`- at the same angle, the axis of symmetry thru the two pairs, however, being displaced 90 d In the form illustrated in Figuree' one of the inductorsl of the forward pair is cut away as at15 for a purpose which will be apparent hereinafter. In Figures 8 and`9 a groove 16-and a not ch 17, respectively, is cut adjacent the edge bf oneof the inductors for the same urpose -as tue cutaway. portion 1 5. In Flgure 6- I have shown aV still further form of my invention. `In this case a portion 18, as indicatedby thedotted line, is added to Yone lof the inductors diagonally opposite to the cutaway 'portion 15 of the same pair. In Figure 7 have so-cut the inductor 10 as to'make it symmetrical with respect to the horizontal4 axis, the inductor, however, functioning exactly as the inductor in Figure 6. ow referring t`o Figures 10, 11 andv 13, Figure 10 illustr' one of the posltions assumed by the rotor justas the inductors lare 4about to break away'from the pole pieces to generate a maximum current inthe coil. The inductor 9 is just about tov break away from the pole piece 5 while the inductor 12 "is just about to break away from the pole piece 3. -Just prior-tov the break, the flux path has been from the magnet pole piece ductor 9 does notbr'id from the magnet pole pieces' 3 thru inductor 10, core pole piece 5 and inductor '9 to magnet pole piece 2'. After a little less thanv a quarter revolution, the inductor 10 breaks away from the magnet pole 3 giving the peak 19 and very soon thereafter the indu'ctor 12 breaks away from the core, pole piece giving the peak 20. After a little less "than a quarter revolution later both inductors 10 and 11'break away from the pole pieces 5 and 3 as is illustrated in Figure 11 giving the peak 21. Substantially a quarter revolution later the inductor 11 breaks away from the core pole piece 6 giving the peak 22, and very soon thereafter the inductor9 breaks from the magnet pole piece 3 giving the peak 23, and -f`lnally substantially v90 later both inductors 9 and 12 again break from the members 5 and 3 giving peak 24, thus completing the cycle. The peaks 19 and 20, 22 and 23 may bediscarded -for igT nition purposes in. the running of the magneto bymaintaining the contacts 25 of the breaker closed. The cam 26 of the breaker for this purpose is rounded at 27 and 28, and

is provided with two cam surfaces 29 and 30 to open the circuit only at the peaks 18 and 21. y I It will be noted that the interval between the peaks 18 and 21 is shorter than that between 21 and 24, and these intervals may be made relatively longer or* shorter as de'- V Y pair toward each other as they are cast in the mouldedA material of the rotor, and without altering the base structure, `carrying the several pole ieces.

In the voscillogram 'of 'Figure 12, taken with the rotor illustrated in Figure 4, substantially the same cycle takes place. In this case, however, the two peaks 18 and 21 are not of the same heightf In eiecting the ak current at 18 the inductors 9 and l2 reak simultaneously vfrom the pole piec'es 3 and 6, and thereis an instantaneous reversal.

of ilux through the coil due to the inductor.

10 the pole pieces 3 vand 2 while the inductor 12 bridges the pole pieces 6 and 2. With the break at 21v the reversal of the. Hux through the coil does not take place instantaneously due to thei'flact that the ine and 5, as shown by the otted hne on the inole pieces 3- ductor 9Y in Figue 11. This bridging does 130A abling the use of inductor elements all of the same size and shape, and the late peak 31 has no effect on the already exploded charge within the c vlinder.

Having thus described my invention, what I, claim is:

l.' In an ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparks for tiring an internal combustion engine at unequal angular intervals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magnetov comprising dialnetrically spaced magnet pole pieces,"and aligned spaced core pole pieces arranged cn a cylindrical surface and a' cylindricalv rotor having pairs'of inductors provided with flux breaking points 'co-operating with the pole pieces, lthe inductors being so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal angular tiring intervals desired,

2. In an ignition apparatus adaptedto deliver ignition sparks for tiring an internal combustion' engine at unequal angular intervals f engine crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising diametrically spaced magnet pole pieces,l and aligned spaced core polev pieces arranged on a cylindrical surface, and

all being of'equal angular extent, and acylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with flux breaking points cooperat ing with the pole pieces, the inductors be` ing so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal. angular firing intervals desired.

3. 'In an ignition apparatus adapted to de liver ignition sparks for firing. an internal combustion engine at unequal angular intervals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising diametrically spaced magnet pole pieces, and aligned spaced core pole pieces arranged on acylindri'cal surface, said core pole pieces being placed in a plane substantialy at right angles to the diameter joining the central points of the faces of thc magnet pole pieces, and substantially midway between them, and a cylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with iux breaking pointsco-operating with the pole p'ieces, the inductors be lng so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance' between breaking points corre'- sponds to the unequal angular firing intervals desired.

4. In an ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparksfor tiring an internal combustion engine at unequal angular intervals of engine crank shaft rotation, a inagneto comprising diametrically spaced magnet'pole pieces. and aligned spaced core pole pieces arranged on a cylindrical surface, and all being ot' equal angular extent, said -core pole pieces being placed in a plane substantially at right angles to the diameter joining the central points of the faces of the magnet pole pieces, and substantially midway between them, and a cylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with flux breakingpoints co-operating with the pole pieces, the inductors being so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal angular tiring intervals desired.

In an ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparks fer firing an internal combustion engine at unequal angular inter vals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising diametrically spaced magpieees arranged on a cylindrical surface, and a cylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with flux breaking points cooperating with the pole pieces, the inductors being so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal angular firing inter` vals desired, and the sum of the arcuate distances between the lopposite ends of the inductors of one pair being .equal to the arcuate distance from the breaking edge of the magnet pole piece to the corresponding edge of the core pole piece.

`G. In an ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparks for firing an internal combustion engine at unequal angular intervals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising diametrically spaced magnet pole pieces, and aligned spaced core` pole pieces arranged on a cylindrical surface, and all being of equal angular extent, and a cylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with flux breaking points co-operating with tlie pole pieces, the inducangular 4distance between breaking points corresponds to the 'unequal angular firing intervals desired, and the sum of the arc- 1 uate distances between the opposite endsof the inductors of one pair being equal to the arcuate distance from the breaking edge of the magnet pole piece to the corresponding 1 edge of the core pole piece.

7. In an ignition apparatus adapted to deli-ver ignition sparks for firing-an internal combustion engine at unequal angular inter- .net pole pieces. and aligned spaced core pole y tors heilig so positioned on the rotor that the v being so positioned on the rotor that the angular ydistance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal angular ring intervalsdesired, at least one pair of said inductorls being symmetrical with respect to a given plane through the axis of rotation.

8. In an ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparks for firing an internal combustion engine at unequal'angular intervals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising diametrically spaced magnet pole pieces, and aligned spaced core pole pieces arranged on a cylindrical surface, and all.being of equal angular extent, said core pole pieces being placed in a plane substantially at right angles to the= diameter joining the central points of the faces of the magnet pole pieces, and substantially midway between them, and a cylindrical rotor having pairs of inductors provided with flux breaking points co`operatingjwitl1 the pole pieces, the inductors being so positioned on the rotor that the angular distance between breaking points corresponds to the unequal angular'ring intervals desired,'at least onepair of said inductors being symmetrical with respect to a given plane through the axis of rotation and the sum ofthe arcuate distances between the op osite ends of the inductors of one air` eing equal to the arcuate distance from the breaking edge of the magnetl pole piece to the corresponding edge of the core ple piece.

9. Inan ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignition sparks for ring anfinternal combustion engine at unequal'angular intervals of engine .crank shaft rotation, a magneto comprising magnet and core pole p1eces,.

and a rotoroperativ'ely associated with said pole pieces comprising inductors each of the same size and shape arranged in pairs,

the inductors of a pair being inclined to one another and being symmetrically arranged with respect to a diametrical axis, the axes of symmetry of the two pairs being 4inclined to one another.

`10.. In an-ignition apparatus adapted to deliver ignitionsparks for firing an internal combustion engine at. unequal angular interv vals of engine crank shaft rotation, a magarranged, one set with respect to the other on a cylindrical surface and substantiallyA 1l. In an ignition apparatus adapted t0- deliver ignition sparks for tiring an internal 'neto comprising magnet and core pole pieces v combustion engine at une ual angular interv vals of. engine crank sha rotation, a magneto comprising magnet and core pole pieces arranged, one set with respect to the other on a cylindrical 90 apartand a cylindrical rotor operatively associated with said pole pieces having inductors each of the same size and shape arranged in pairs, ,the inductors'of a pair vbeing inclined to one another and being Symmetrically arranged with respect to a diametrical axis, the axes of symmetry of the two pairs being inclined to one another.

12. In an` ignition apparatus ada ted to deliverignition sparks, a magneto aving means for creating a magneto-.motive force in apath comprising fixed pole pieces and stationary core pole pieces, and a core associated with said core pole pieces; a coil wound about said core, means for passing the flux from said magnet pole pieces thru said core and coil alternately in -opposite directions consisting of symmetrical' rotatatble inductors symmetrically arranged with respect to a given plane through the axis of rotation and adapted to complete the iux path at unequal angles of angular ro tation thereof.

sparks at alternately longer and shorter intervals, comprising a magnet field structure having uniform parallel pole pieces, anda coil structure having pole pieces arranged in tandem and parallel to said first mentioned pole pieces, and a rotor having inductors for directing the magnetic flux through said coil structure, said inductors being symmetrical and inclined to one another at an angle corresponding to the liring intervals desired. Y

In testimony whereof, I aiiix my signature EDWARD B. NOWOSIELSKI.

13..A magneto for generating ignition surface and substantially 

